Tratamento cirúrgico de fraturas em terço médio de face: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of fractures in middle face third: case report

Fraturas dos ossos da face são injúrias que podem causar graves danos estéticos, funcionais e psicológicos. Os acidentes motociclísticos estão entre os fatores etiológicos mais frequentes de traumatismos no terço médio da face. Este relato de caso objetiva descrever o atendimento de um paciente do sexo masculino, 31 anos, vítima de acidente motociclístico com múltiplas fraturas no terço médio da face. As imagens obtidas por meio da tomografia computadorizada evidenciaram traços de fratura no Complexo Zigomático Orbital esquerdo, palato e na maxila. Sob anestesia geral foram realizados a redução e fixações das fraturas, priorizando uma oclusão dentária funcional e o restabelecimento da projeção facial na região zigomática. Paciente em acompanhamento pós-operatório de 40 dias, apresentando remissão das alterações clínicas decorrentes das fraturas. Fraturas de face desta complexidade devem ser manejadas por profissionais experientes para ofertar a melhor opção de tratamento, visto que o mesmo repercute tanto na estética quanto função.

Fractures of the facial bones are injuries that can cause serious aesthetic, functional and psychological damage. Motorcycle accidents are among the most frequent etiological factors of trauma in the middle third of the face. This case report aims to describe the care of a male patient, 31 years old, victim of a motorcycle accident with multiple fractures in the middle third of the face. The images obtained through computed tomography showed traces of fracture in the left orbital zygomatic complex, palate and in the maxilla. Under general anesthesia, fracture reduction and fixation were performed, prioritizing functional dental occlusion and restoring facial projection in the zygomatic region. Patient undergoing 40-day postoperative follow-up, showing remission of clinical changes resulting from fractures. Face fractures of this complexity must be handled by experienced professionals to offer the best treatment option, since it has an impact on both aesthetics and function.

Mandibular traumas by gunshot. A systematic review with meta-analysis and algorithm of treatment.

The treatment of mandibular fractures by gunshot ranges from late conservative repair to more aggressive early repair in a single stage. Treatments that preserve bony architecture as much as possible should be used, minimising patient morbidity and the complexity of future surgeries. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic review to determine which method of treatment was most effective for mandibular fractures by gunshot. Searches were conducted on Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Central Cochrane, and Sigle via Open Grey up to August 2019. Four studies were eligible to this systematic review, considering the previously establish inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 211 patients were evaluated. The mandibular body was the region more fractured followed by the symphyseal/parasymphyseal region. The closed treatment with intermaxillary fixation (IMF) was the most used followed by open surgery with internal rigid fixation (IRF) and external fixator. Considering the total adverse effects, the meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the IMF and IRF groups (p=0.840), but IMF showed five times less infection and IRF six times less malunion. The algorithm was delineated from the types of injuries by gunshot, proposing forms of treatment from initial stabilisation to functional rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses. The treatment of mandibular fractures by gunshot remains a challenge for surgeons. There was a statistically significant prevalence of success in the IRF group, however this group was also associated with a higher index of infection than the IMF group. New studies with high methodological quality and larger numbers of participants are needed to offer more safety for surgeons who treat patients with mandibular fractures by gunshot.

Perfil Epidemiológico dos Pacientes com Fraturas / Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Fracture

Introdução: Os acidentes motociclísticos estão entre as causas mais frequentes de traumatismos faciais. O fato de a motocicleta ser um veículo leve e de fácil condução e o descumprimento à legislação atual contribuem para o aumento da incidência e da gravidade dessas fraturas. Metodologia: Foram entrevistados 123 pacientes, momento em que foram colhidas as seguintes variáveis: Dependentes: Faixa etária, gênero, local de procedência, uso de capacete, se havia ingerido bebida alcoólica antes do acidente, se possuia habilitação para motocicleta, ossos faciais fraturados e lesões em outras áreas do corpo. As fraturas faciais bem como as fraturas em outras áreas do corpo foram diagnosticadas após exame clínico e imaginológico. Resultados: Houve uma predominância de indivíduos do gênero masculino (85,4%) e de pacientes provenientes de cidades do interior do estado do Ceará (61,8%). Fraturas múltiplas da face ocorreram em 49,6% dos pacientes pesquisados. A maioria dos pacientes não utilizavam capacetes ou não possuíam habilitação (75,6% e 73,2%, respectivamente.), e 38,2% haviam ingerido bebida alcoólica antes do acidente. Foi observado ainda que 20.3% dos pacientes apresentavam fraturas em outros ossos do corpo que não a face. Conclusão: Observa-se que os acidentes motociclísticos correspondem a uma grande parcela das fraturas faciais e que a maior parte desses acidentes estão associados ao descumprimento da legislação... (AU)

Introduction: motorcycle accidents are among the most common causes of facial trauma. The fact that the motorcycle be a light vehicle and within easy driving and breach the current legislation contribute to the increased incidence and severity of these fractures. Methodology: We interviewed 123 patients, at which the following variables were collected: Dependents: age range, gender, place of origin, helmet use, if had been drinking before the accident, it has qualified for motorcycle, fractured facial bones and lesions in other areas of the body. Facial fractures and fractures in other areas of the body were diagnosed after clinical examination and imaginologic. Results: There was a predominance of male (85.4%) and patients from cities in the state of Ceará (61.8%). Multiple facial fractures occurred in 49.6% of patients surveyed. Most patients did not use helmets or had no qualifications (75.6% and 73.2% respectively.) And 38.2% had been drinking before the accident. It was also observed that 20.3% of patients had fractures in other bones of the body other than the face. Conclusion: It is observed that motorcycle accidents account for a large portion of facial fractures and that most of these accidents are associated with the breach of the legislation... (AU)